feat(user.prefered_locale): save user's locale + invited have same locale as inviters

- OIDC JIT define the locale only at user creation, user can so change his preference later
    - invited users will inherit inviter's locale
    - email will use prefered_locale
    - login to a new browser will use prefered_locale

src/application/dtos/user_dto.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,12 @@ pub struct UserDto {
     /// subsequent verifications.
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub email_verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    /// User-chosen locale for server-rendered surfaces (emails,
+    /// future authenticated HTML). `None` = no preference (the server
+    /// resolves to `OXICLOUD_DEFAULT_LOCALE` when rendering). Round-trips
+    /// through `/api/auth/me` and `PATCH /api/auth/me/profile`.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub preferred_locale: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl From<User> for UserDto {
@@ -69,6 +75,7 @@ impl From<User> for UserDto {
             given_name: user.given_name().map(str::to_string),
             family_name: user.family_name().map(str::to_string),
             email_verified_at: user.email_verified_at(),
+            preferred_locale: user.preferred_locale().map(str::to_string),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -155,6 +162,13 @@ pub struct UpdateProfileDto {
     /// New last/family name. Same semantics as `given_name`.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub family_name: Option<String>,
+    /// New preferred locale (BCP-47 shape, e.g. `"fr"`, `"zh-TW"`).
+    /// Must resolve against the server's `LocaleRegistry` — unknown
+    /// codes are rejected with 400. Pass an empty string to clear the
+    /// preference back to the server default (the application layer
+    /// normalises `""` → `None`).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub preferred_locale: Option<String>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, ToSchema)]

src/application/ports/auth_ports.rs

@@ -173,6 +173,12 @@ pub struct OidcIdClaims {
     pub family_name: Option<String>,
     pub groups: Vec<String>,
     pub picture: Option<String>,
+    /// Standard OpenID claim `locale` (BCP-47 language tag, e.g.
+    /// `"fr"`, `"zh-TW"`). Populated on the new `User` row at OIDC JIT
+    /// provisioning if the claim resolves against the server's
+    /// `LocaleRegistry`; ignored on subsequent logins so a later
+    /// UI-driven choice isn't overwritten by the IdP.
+    pub locale: Option<String>,
 }
 
 /// Port for OIDC operations — implemented in infrastructure layer

src/application/services/auth_application_service.rs

@@ -1164,6 +1164,7 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
         &self,
         caller_id: Uuid,
         dto: crate::application::dtos::user_dto::UpdateProfileDto,
+        locale_registry: &crate::common::locale::LocaleRegistry,
     ) -> Result<UserDto, DomainError> {
         let mut user = self.user_storage.get_user_by_id(caller_id).await?;
 
@@ -1261,6 +1262,42 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
             changed.push("family_name");
         }
 
+        // ── Preferred locale ─────────────────────────────────────
+        // Treat `""` as an explicit clear (frontend may send the empty
+        // string when the user picks "Use server default"). Any other
+        // non-empty value must resolve against the LocaleRegistry — an
+        // unknown code is a 400 so the client can show the user a
+        // useful error rather than silently dropping the change.
+        if let Some(ref code) = dto.preferred_locale {
+            let trimmed = code.trim();
+            if trimmed.is_empty() {
+                user.set_preferred_locale(None);
+                changed.push("preferred_locale");
+            } else if let Some(canonical) = locale_registry.parse(trimmed) {
+                user.set_preferred_locale(Some(canonical.as_str().to_string()));
+                changed.push("preferred_locale");
+            } else {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    target: "audit",
+                    event = "auth.profile_update_rejected",
+                    reason = "unknown_locale",
+                    caller_id = %caller_id,
+                    attempted_locale = %trimmed,
+                    "👤 profile update rejected: locale '{}' not in registry",
+                    trimmed,
+                );
+                return Err(DomainError::new(
+                    ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                    "User",
+                    format!(
+                        "Unknown locale '{}'. Use one of the codes returned \
+                         by /api/i18n/locales.",
+                        trimmed,
+                    ),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
         if changed.is_empty() {
             // No-op — return the current user without a DB write.
             return Ok(UserDto::from(user));
@@ -1917,6 +1954,7 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
         &self,
         code: &str,
         state: &str,
+        locale_registry: &crate::common::locale::LocaleRegistry,
     ) -> Result<OidcCallbackResult, DomainError> {
         // 0. Validate CSRF state and retrieve PKCE verifier + nonce + optional NC token
         //    (entry is auto-expired by moka TTL — remove returns None if expired)
@@ -1968,6 +2006,7 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
                     given_name: user_info.given_name.or(claims.given_name),
                     family_name: user_info.family_name.or(claims.family_name),
                     email_verified: user_info.email_verified.or(claims.email_verified),
+                    locale: user_info.locale.or(claims.locale),
                     groups: if user_info.groups.is_empty() {
                         claims.groups
                     } else {
@@ -2133,6 +2172,21 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
                 new_user.set_image(claims.picture.clone());
                 new_user.set_given_name(claims.given_name.clone());
                 new_user.set_family_name(claims.family_name.clone());
+                // PR C: provision the user's preferred_locale from the
+                // OIDC `locale` claim AT JIT ONLY. Subsequent logins
+                // never re-apply this — a UI-driven choice ("I prefer
+                // English even though my IdP says fr-CA") must not be
+                // silently overwritten on the next sign-in. We validate
+                // the claim against the registry so an obscure or
+                // malformed code (e.g. `klingon`, `fr-FR-x-private`)
+                // doesn't end up stored only to fail at render time;
+                // unresolvable claims fall through to NULL → server
+                // default.
+                if let Some(claim) = claims.locale.as_deref()
+                    && let Some(canonical) = locale_registry.parse(claim)
+                {
+                    new_user.set_preferred_locale(Some(canonical.as_str().to_string()));
+                }
                 // PR 23: the OIDC callback rejected any caller upstream
                 // whose `email_verified` claim wasn't true, so users
                 // reaching this branch have an IdP-vetted email. Stamp

src/application/services/magic_link_invite_service.rs

@@ -96,6 +96,11 @@ pub struct MagicLinkInviteService {
     email_sender: Arc<dyn EmailSender>,
     user_lifecycle: Arc<UserLifecycleService>,
     i18n: Arc<I18nApplicationService>,
+    /// Used to validate a stored `preferred_locale` at render time —
+    /// a code that's no longer in the registry (e.g. operator removed
+    /// `pl.json`) falls back to the server default instead of raising
+    /// a translation error.
+    locale_registry: Arc<crate::common::locale::LocaleRegistry>,
     magic_link_cfg: MagicLinkConfig,
     /// Public base URL of this OxiCloud instance — used to build the
     /// `/magic/v1/{token}` invitation link. Sourced from
@@ -111,6 +116,7 @@ impl MagicLinkInviteService {
         email_sender: Arc<dyn EmailSender>,
         user_lifecycle: Arc<UserLifecycleService>,
         i18n: Arc<I18nApplicationService>,
+        locale_registry: Arc<crate::common::locale::LocaleRegistry>,
         magic_link_cfg: MagicLinkConfig,
         public_base_url: String,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -120,11 +126,25 @@ impl MagicLinkInviteService {
             email_sender,
             user_lifecycle,
             i18n,
+            locale_registry,
             magic_link_cfg,
             public_base_url,
         }
     }
 
+    /// Resolve the recipient's preferred locale into a usable `Locale`.
+    /// Returns the server default when:
+    ///   - `preferred_locale` is `None` (the common case for pre-PR-C
+    ///     users and recipients who never picked a language),
+    ///   - the stored code no longer resolves against the registry
+    ///     (e.g. operator removed a locale file after the row was
+    ///     written, or a future schema migration relaxed the CHECK).
+    fn locale_for(&self, user: &User) -> Locale {
+        user.preferred_locale()
+            .and_then(|code| self.locale_registry.parse(code))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.locale_registry.default_locale().clone())
+    }
+
     /// Resolve the email to an existing user, or lazily provision a new
     /// external user. Returns the resolved [`User`].
     ///
@@ -134,24 +154,54 @@ impl MagicLinkInviteService {
     ///   (`OXICLOUD_ALLOW_EXTERNAL_USERS=false`) and no matching user
     ///   exists, OR the email's domain isn't in the allowlist.
     /// - any propagated repo error.
-    pub async fn resolve_or_create_recipient(&self, raw_email: &str) -> Result<User, DomainError> {
+    pub async fn resolve_or_create_recipient(
+        &self,
+        raw_email: &str,
+        inviter_id: Option<uuid::Uuid>,
+    ) -> Result<User, DomainError> {
         let normalised = normalize_email(raw_email).map_err(|e| {
             DomainError::new(ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "MagicLinkInvite", format!("{}", e))
         })?;
 
         // Fast path: existing user with this email — works for both
         // internal (was previously created via normal registration) and
-        // external (previous invitation re-sharing) cases.
+        // external (previous invitation re-sharing) cases. We do NOT
+        // touch `preferred_locale` on an existing row; the recipient's
+        // own choice (or a previously-inherited value) wins.
         match UserRepository::get_user_by_email(&*self.user_storage, &normalised).await {
             Ok(user) => Ok(user),
-            Err(UserRepositoryError::NotFound(_)) => self.create_external_user(&normalised).await,
+            Err(UserRepositoryError::NotFound(_)) => {
+                // Best-effort inviter locale lookup. A failure here
+                // (deleted inviter row, transient DB blip) is non-fatal
+                // — the recipient is created with NULL locale and
+                // resolves to the server default like any pre-PR-C row.
+                let inviter_locale = if let Some(uid) = inviter_id {
+                    match UserRepository::get_user_by_id(&*self.user_storage, uid).await {
+                        Ok(u) => u.preferred_locale().map(str::to_string),
+                        Err(_) => None,
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    None
+                };
+                self.create_external_user(&normalised, inviter_locale).await
+            }
             Err(e) => Err(DomainError::from(e)),
         }
     }
 
     /// Lazy provisioning path. Runs the two policy guards (kill switch
     /// and per-domain allowlist) before touching the DB.
-    async fn create_external_user(&self, normalised_email: &str) -> Result<User, DomainError> {
+    ///
+    /// `inviter_locale` is the inviter's `preferred_locale` if any —
+    /// PR C inherits it into the new external user's row so the
+    /// invitation mail (and any subsequent emails to the recipient)
+    /// arrive in a language the inviter likely shares with them. The
+    /// recipient can override later via the language switcher.
+    async fn create_external_user(
+        &self,
+        normalised_email: &str,
+        inviter_locale: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<User, DomainError> {
         if !self.magic_link_cfg.allow_external_users {
             return Err(DomainError::new(
                 ErrorKind::AccessDenied,
@@ -175,7 +225,7 @@ impl MagicLinkInviteService {
 
         // External users are created without a username or password.
         // `password_hash IS NULL` is the canonical no-password marker.
-        let user = User::new(
+        let mut user = User::new(
             normalised_email.to_string(),
             None,
             None,
@@ -192,6 +242,14 @@ impl MagicLinkInviteService {
                 format!("invalid external user data: {}", e),
             )
         })?;
+        // PR C: inherit the inviter's preferred locale at row creation
+        // (decision 6 in the plan). Treated as advisory — frequently
+        // wrong, but the recipient can override via the language
+        // switcher, and the bilingual email partial ships English
+        // alongside any non-English copy as a safety net.
+        if let Some(locale) = inviter_locale {
+            user.set_preferred_locale(Some(locale));
+        }
 
         let saved = UserRepository::create_user(&*self.user_storage, user.clone())
             .await
@@ -269,11 +327,12 @@ impl MagicLinkInviteService {
             Resource::Folder(_) => "server.magic_link.email.kind_folder",
             Resource::File(_) => "server.magic_link.email.kind_file",
         };
-        // PR C will resolve the recipient's preferred_locale. For now
-        // (PR B) every magic-link email defaults to the server default
-        // locale; the bilingual partial below means non-English
-        // recipients still see English as a safety net.
-        let locale = Locale::default();
+        // PR C: render in the recipient's preferred locale (set by UI
+        // switcher, OIDC JIT claim, or inviter inheritance at row
+        // creation). The bilingual partial appends English below when
+        // the resolved locale isn't English, so a wrong guess still
+        // produces a readable mail.
+        let locale = self.locale_for(recipient);
         let kind_label = self.i18n_or(kind_key, &locale, &[]).await;
         let ttl_hours = self.magic_link_cfg.invite_ttl_hours.to_string();
         let invite_args: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![
@@ -455,9 +514,9 @@ impl MagicLinkInviteService {
             self.public_base_url.trim_end_matches('/'),
             token.token(),
         );
-        // PR C will switch to `user.preferred_locale` once the column
-        // lands. Today the login-via-email path uses the server default.
-        let locale = Locale::default();
+        // PR C: render in the user's preferred locale. Same bilingual
+        // safety net as the invitation path — see `issue_invitation`.
+        let locale = self.locale_for(&user);
         let ttl_minutes = self.magic_link_cfg.login_ttl_minutes.to_string();
         let login_args: Vec<(&str, &str)> = vec![("link", &link), ("ttl_minutes", &ttl_minutes)];
 

src/common/di.rs

@@ -1018,6 +1018,7 @@ impl AppServiceFactory {
                     email_sender,
                     lifecycle,
                     app_state.applications.i18n_service.clone(),
+                    app_state.locale_registry.clone(),
                     self.config.magic_link.clone(),
                     self.config.base_url(),
                 ),

src/domain/entities/user.rs

@@ -72,6 +72,19 @@ pub struct User {
     /// flow. PR 23 ships the signal only — future policy PRs gate
     /// features (uploads, shares, etc.) on this column.
     email_verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    /// User-chosen locale for server-rendered surfaces (transactional
+    /// emails, future authenticated HTML pages). `None` = no preference,
+    /// resolves to `OXICLOUD_DEFAULT_LOCALE` at use time. Set by:
+    /// - the frontend language switcher (PATCH /api/auth/me/profile),
+    /// - the OIDC JIT path at provisioning **only**, never re-applied
+    ///   on subsequent logins (a UI choice always wins over the IdP),
+    /// - the magic-link invitation flow, which copies the inviter's
+    ///   value into the new external user's row.
+    ///
+    /// Schema-level CHECK enforces a textual BCP-47 shape; the
+    /// application layer is the authoritative gatekeeper against the
+    /// `LocaleRegistry`.
+    preferred_locale: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl User {
@@ -161,6 +174,10 @@ impl User {
             // magic-link redemption or OIDC JIT (where the IdP has
             // already confirmed the email).
             email_verified_at: None,
+            // PR C: no locale preference at creation. OIDC JIT, the
+            // language switcher, or invitation-time inheritance fill
+            // this in later. NULL resolves to OXICLOUD_DEFAULT_LOCALE.
+            preferred_locale: None,
         })
     }
 
@@ -203,6 +220,7 @@ impl User {
             given_name: None,
             family_name: None,
             email_verified_at: None,
+            preferred_locale: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -226,6 +244,7 @@ impl User {
         given_name: Option<String>,
         family_name: Option<String>,
         email_verified_at: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+        preferred_locale: Option<String>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             id,
@@ -246,6 +265,7 @@ impl User {
             given_name,
             family_name,
             email_verified_at,
+            preferred_locale,
         }
     }
 
@@ -390,6 +410,26 @@ impl User {
         self.updated_at = Utc::now();
     }
 
+    /// Borrow the user's stored locale code (e.g. `"fr"`, `"zh-TW"`),
+    /// if any. The application layer is expected to feed this through
+    /// `LocaleRegistry::parse_or_default` before rendering, so an
+    /// orphaned code from a since-removed locale falls back gracefully
+    /// instead of triggering a translation error.
+    pub fn preferred_locale(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.preferred_locale.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    /// Set or clear the user's preferred locale. The caller is
+    /// responsible for having already validated the code against the
+    /// `LocaleRegistry` — at the entity layer we treat the field as
+    /// opaque text, the way we do for `given_name` / `family_name`.
+    /// Passing `None` clears the preference (subsequent renders fall
+    /// back to the server default).
+    pub fn set_preferred_locale(&mut self, locale: Option<String>) {
+        self.preferred_locale = locale;
+        self.updated_at = Utc::now();
+    }
+
     /// Claim or change the username. Runs the same validation as the
     /// constructor — callers must still ensure uniqueness at the repo
     /// level. Bumps `updated_at`. Used by the post-create profile-edit

src/infrastructure/repositories/pg/user_pg_repository.rs

@@ -96,10 +96,11 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                             storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                             created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                             oidc_provider, oidc_subject, is_external,
-                            given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                            given_name, family_name, email_verified_at,
+                            preferred_locale
                         ) VALUES (
                             $1, $2, $3, $4, $5::auth.userrole, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11,
-                            $12, $13, $14, $15, $16, $17
+                            $12, $13, $14, $15, $16, $17, $18
                         )
                         RETURNING *
                         "#,
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 .bind(user_clone.given_name())
                 .bind(user_clone.family_name())
                 .bind(user_clone.email_verified_at())
+                .bind(user_clone.preferred_locale())
                 .execute(&mut **tx)
                 .await
                 .map_err(Self::map_sqlx_error)?;
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                 created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                 oidc_provider, oidc_subject, image, is_external,
-                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at, preferred_locale
             FROM auth.users
             WHERE id = $1
             "#,
@@ -181,6 +183,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
             row.get("given_name"),
             row.get("family_name"),
             row.get("email_verified_at"),
+            row.get("preferred_locale"),
         ))
     }
 
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                 created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                 oidc_provider, oidc_subject, image, is_external,
-                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at, preferred_locale
             FROM auth.users
             WHERE username = $1
             "#,
@@ -229,6 +232,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
             row.get("given_name"),
             row.get("family_name"),
             row.get("email_verified_at"),
+            row.get("preferred_locale"),
         ))
     }
 
@@ -241,7 +245,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                 created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                 oidc_provider, oidc_subject, image, is_external,
-                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at, preferred_locale
             FROM auth.users
             WHERE email = $1
             "#,
@@ -277,6 +281,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
             row.get("given_name"),
             row.get("family_name"),
             row.get("email_verified_at"),
+            row.get("preferred_locale"),
         ))
     }
 
@@ -304,7 +309,8 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                             image = $11,
                             given_name = $12,
                             family_name = $13,
-                            email_verified_at = $14
+                            email_verified_at = $14,
+                            preferred_locale = $15
                         WHERE id = $1
                         "#,
                 )
@@ -322,6 +328,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 .bind(user_clone.given_name())
                 .bind(user_clone.family_name())
                 .bind(user_clone.email_verified_at())
+                .bind(user_clone.preferred_locale())
                 .execute(&mut **tx)
                 .await
                 .map_err(Self::map_sqlx_error)?;
@@ -394,7 +401,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                 created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                 oidc_provider, oidc_subject, image, is_external,
-                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at, preferred_locale
             FROM auth.users
             WHERE ($3 OR is_external = FALSE)
             ORDER BY created_at DESC
@@ -437,6 +444,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                     row.get("given_name"),
                     row.get("family_name"),
                     row.get("email_verified_at"),
+                    row.get("preferred_locale"),
                 )
             })
             .collect();
@@ -458,7 +466,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                 created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                 oidc_provider, oidc_subject, image, is_external,
-                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at, preferred_locale
             FROM auth.users
             WHERE (username ILIKE $1 OR email ILIKE $1)
               AND ($3 OR is_external = FALSE)
@@ -501,6 +509,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                     row.get("given_name"),
                     row.get("family_name"),
                     row.get("email_verified_at"),
+                    row.get("preferred_locale"),
                 )
             })
             .collect();
@@ -588,7 +597,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                 created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                 oidc_provider, oidc_subject, image, is_external,
-                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at, preferred_locale
             FROM auth.users
             WHERE role::text = $1
             ORDER BY created_at DESC
@@ -628,6 +637,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                     row.get("given_name"),
                     row.get("family_name"),
                     row.get("email_verified_at"),
+                    row.get("preferred_locale"),
                 )
             })
             .collect();
@@ -664,7 +674,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
                 storage_quota_bytes, storage_used_bytes,
                 created_at, updated_at, last_login_at, active,
                 oidc_provider, oidc_subject, image, is_external,
-                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at
+                given_name, family_name, email_verified_at, preferred_locale
             FROM auth.users
             WHERE oidc_provider = $1 AND oidc_subject = $2
             "#,
@@ -700,6 +710,7 @@ impl UserRepository for UserPgRepository {
             row.get("given_name"),
             row.get("family_name"),
             row.get("email_verified_at"),
+            row.get("preferred_locale"),
         ))
     }
 

src/infrastructure/services/oidc_service.rs

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ struct IdTokenClaims {
     groups: Option<Vec<String>>,
     nonce: Option<String>,
     picture: Option<String>,
+    locale: Option<String>,
     // Standard JWT fields
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     iss: Option<String>,
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ struct UserInfoResponse {
     family_name: Option<String>,
     groups: Option<Vec<String>>,
     picture: Option<String>,
+    locale: Option<String>,
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -469,6 +471,7 @@ impl OidcServicePort for OidcService {
             family_name: claims.family_name,
             groups: claims.groups.unwrap_or_default(),
             picture: claims.picture,
+            locale: claims.locale,
         })
     }
 
@@ -523,6 +526,7 @@ impl OidcServicePort for OidcService {
             family_name: info.family_name,
             groups: info.groups.unwrap_or_default(),
             picture: info.picture,
+            locale: info.locale,
         })
     }
 

src/interfaces/api/handlers/auth_handler.rs

@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ pub async fn update_profile(
 
     let updated = auth_service
         .auth_application_service
-        .update_profile_with_perms(user_id, dto)
+        .update_profile_with_perms(user_id, dto, &state.locale_registry)
         .await?;
 
     Ok((StatusCode::OK, Json(updated)))
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ pub async fn oidc_callback(
 
     // Exchange code, validate state/nonce/PKCE, authenticate user
     let result = auth_app
-        .oidc_callback(&query.code, &query.state)
+        .oidc_callback(&query.code, &query.state, &state.locale_registry)
         .await
         .map_err(|e| {
             tracing::error!("OIDC callback failed: {}", e);

src/interfaces/api/handlers/grant_handler.rs

@@ -137,7 +137,14 @@ pub async fn create_grant(
                     state.email_invite_rate_limiter.retry_after(),
                 );
             }
-            match invite_svc.resolve_or_create_recipient(&email).await {
+            // PR C: pass the inviter id so resolve_or_create_recipient
+            // can inherit their preferred_locale onto a freshly-
+            // provisioned external user (best-effort; lookup failure
+            // just leaves the new row's locale NULL, no hard error).
+            match invite_svc
+                .resolve_or_create_recipient(&email, Some(caller_id))
+                .await
+            {
                 Ok(user) => (Subject::User(user.id()), Some(user)),
                 Err(e) => return AppError::from(e).into_response(),
             }