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//! Heap-free fixed-layout formatters for the hot XML/HTTP emit paths.
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//!
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//! PROPFIND writes two formatted dates, a size and a quoted etag for
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//! EVERY row of every listing; `to_rfc3339()` / `to_rfc2822()` run
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//! chrono's format-spec interpreter and allocate a `String` each, and
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//! `u64::to_string()` allocates another. These helpers render the same
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//! bytes into a caller-provided stack buffer: zero heap traffic, no
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//! interpreter.
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//!
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//! Byte-identity with chrono (for whole-second in-range UTC datetimes)
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//! is asserted by the unit tests below and by the equivalence gate in
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//! `examples/bench_propfind_xml.rs`. Out-of-range seconds (negative or
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//! year > 9999, where the fixed-width layout no longer applies) return
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//! `None` — callers keep the old chrono path as fallback, so exotic
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//! values change nothing observable.
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/// Seconds range rendering to a fixed-width 4-digit year: 1970-01-01
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/// through 9999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC.
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const MAX_4DIGIT_YEAR_SECS: i64 = 253_402_300_799;
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const MONTHS: [&[u8; 3]; 12] = [
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b"Jan", b"Feb", b"Mar", b"Apr", b"May", b"Jun", b"Jul", b"Aug", b"Sep", b"Oct", b"Nov", b"Dec",
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];
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const WEEKDAYS: [&[u8; 3]; 7] = [b"Thu", b"Fri", b"Sat", b"Sun", b"Mon", b"Tue", b"Wed"];
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/// Civil date from days since 1970-01-01 (Howard Hinnant's algorithm).
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fn civil_from_days(z: i64) -> (i64, u32, u32) {
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let z = z + 719_468;
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let era = z.div_euclid(146_097);
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let doe = z.rem_euclid(146_097); // day-of-era [0, 146096]
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let yoe = (doe - doe / 1460 + doe / 36_524 - doe / 146_096) / 365; // [0, 399]
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let y = yoe + era * 400;
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let doy = doe - (365 * yoe + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100); // [0, 365]
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let mp = (5 * doy + 2) / 153; // [0, 11]
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let d = (doy - (153 * mp + 2) / 5 + 1) as u32; // [1, 31]
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let m = if mp < 10 { mp + 3 } else { mp - 9 } as u32; // [1, 12]
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(if m <= 2 { y + 1 } else { y }, m, d)
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}
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#[inline]
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fn push2(out: &mut [u8], pos: usize, v: u32) {
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out[pos] = b'0' + (v / 10) as u8;
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out[pos + 1] = b'0' + (v % 10) as u8;
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}
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#[inline]
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fn push4(out: &mut [u8], pos: usize, v: i64) {
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out[pos] = b'0' + (v / 1000 % 10) as u8;
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out[pos + 1] = b'0' + (v / 100 % 10) as u8;
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out[pos + 2] = b'0' + (v / 10 % 10) as u8;
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out[pos + 3] = b'0' + (v % 10) as u8;
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}
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/// Split epoch seconds into (days, y, m, d, hh, mm, ss).
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#[inline]
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fn split(secs: i64) -> (i64, i64, u32, u32, u32, u32, u32) {
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let days = secs.div_euclid(86_400);
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let sod = secs.rem_euclid(86_400);
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let (y, m, d) = civil_from_days(days);
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(
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days,
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y,
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m,
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d,
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(sod / 3600) as u32,
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(sod / 60 % 60) as u32,
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(sod % 60) as u32,
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)
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}
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/// `chrono::DateTime<Utc>::to_rfc3339()` for a whole-second timestamp:
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/// `2026-07-17T11:47:14+00:00` (25 bytes) written into `buf`.
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///
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/// Returns `None` when `secs` is outside the fixed-width range —
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/// callers fall back to chrono.
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pub fn rfc3339_utc(buf: &mut [u8; 25], secs: i64) -> Option<&str> {
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if !(0..=MAX_4DIGIT_YEAR_SECS).contains(&secs) {
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return None;
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}
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let (_days, y, m, d, hh, mm, ss) = split(secs);
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push4(buf, 0, y);
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buf[4] = b'-';
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push2(buf, 5, m);
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buf[7] = b'-';
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push2(buf, 8, d);
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buf[10] = b'T';
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push2(buf, 11, hh);
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buf[13] = b':';
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push2(buf, 14, mm);
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buf[16] = b':';
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push2(buf, 17, ss);
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buf[19..25].copy_from_slice(b"+00:00");
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// SAFETY-free: every byte written above is ASCII.
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Some(std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..]).expect("ascii"))
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}
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/// `chrono::DateTime<Utc>::to_rfc2822()` for a whole-second timestamp:
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/// `Fri, 17 Jul 2026 11:47:14 +0000` written into `buf`.
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///
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/// chrono does NOT zero-pad the day (`Thu, 1 Jan 1970 …`), so the
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/// rendered length is 30 or 31 bytes — the round-4 PROPFIND equivalence
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/// gate caught an early padded version of this function; the sweep test
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/// below pins parity byte-for-byte across 60 years.
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pub fn rfc2822_utc(buf: &mut [u8; 31], secs: i64) -> Option<&str> {
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if !(0..=MAX_4DIGIT_YEAR_SECS).contains(&secs) {
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return None;
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}
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let (days, y, m, d, hh, mm, ss) = split(secs);
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let weekday = WEEKDAYS[days.rem_euclid(7) as usize];
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buf[0..3].copy_from_slice(weekday);
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buf[3] = b',';
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buf[4] = b' ';
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let mut p = 5;
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if d >= 10 {
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buf[p] = b'0' + (d / 10) as u8;
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p += 1;
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}
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buf[p] = b'0' + (d % 10) as u8;
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p += 1;
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buf[p] = b' ';
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p += 1;
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buf[p..p + 3].copy_from_slice(MONTHS[(m - 1) as usize]);
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p += 3;
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buf[p] = b' ';
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p += 1;
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push4(buf, p, y);
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p += 4;
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buf[p] = b' ';
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p += 1;
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push2(buf, p, hh);
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p += 2;
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buf[p] = b':';
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p += 1;
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push2(buf, p, mm);
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p += 2;
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buf[p] = b':';
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p += 1;
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push2(buf, p, ss);
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p += 2;
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buf[p..p + 6].copy_from_slice(b" +0000");
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p += 6;
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Some(std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..p]).expect("ascii"))
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}
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/// `u64::to_string()` without the heap `String`: renders into `buf`,
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/// returns the populated tail slice.
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pub fn u64_str(buf: &mut [u8; 20], mut v: u64) -> &str {
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let mut pos = buf.len();
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loop {
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pos -= 1;
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buf[pos] = b'0' + (v % 10) as u8;
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v /= 10;
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if v == 0 {
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break;
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}
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}
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std::str::from_utf8(&buf[pos..]).expect("ascii")
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}
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/// `i64::to_string()` without the heap `String` (quota bytes are `i64`).
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pub fn i64_str(buf: &mut [u8; 21], v: i64) -> &str {
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let mut u = [0u8; 20];
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let digits = u64_str(&mut u, v.unsigned_abs());
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let neg = v < 0;
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let start = 21 - digits.len() - usize::from(neg);
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if neg {
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buf[start] = b'-';
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}
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buf[start + usize::from(neg)..].copy_from_slice(digits.as_bytes());
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std::str::from_utf8(&buf[start..]).expect("ascii")
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod tests {
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use super::*;
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use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};
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/// Edge-heavy corpus: epoch, single-digit day (padding!), leap day,
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/// end-of-year, DST-irrelevant midsummer, far future, max in-range.
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const CASES: [i64; 12] = [
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0,
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1,
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86_399,
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86_400,
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951_782_400, // 2000-02-29 (leap)
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1_120_176_000, // 2005-07-01 (day < 10 → chrono pads)
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1_752_753_434,
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2_147_483_647,
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4_102_444_799, // 2099-12-31 23:59:59
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7_258_118_400,
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250_000_000_000,
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MAX_4DIGIT_YEAR_SECS,
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];
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#[test]
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fn rfc3339_matches_chrono() {
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for &secs in &CASES {
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let dt = Utc.timestamp_opt(secs, 0).unwrap();
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let mut buf = [0u8; 25];
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assert_eq!(
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rfc3339_utc(&mut buf, secs).expect("in range"),
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dt.to_rfc3339(),
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"secs={secs}"
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);
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}
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}
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#[test]
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fn rfc2822_matches_chrono() {
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for &secs in &CASES {
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let dt = Utc.timestamp_opt(secs, 0).unwrap();
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let mut buf = [0u8; 31];
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assert_eq!(
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rfc2822_utc(&mut buf, secs).expect("in range"),
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dt.to_rfc2822(),
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"secs={secs}"
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);
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}
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}
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#[test]
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fn out_of_range_falls_back() {
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let mut b3 = [0u8; 25];
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let mut b2 = [0u8; 31];
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assert!(rfc3339_utc(&mut b3, -1).is_none());
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assert!(rfc2822_utc(&mut b2, -1).is_none());
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assert!(rfc3339_utc(&mut b3, MAX_4DIGIT_YEAR_SECS + 1).is_none());
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}
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#[test]
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fn ints_match_std() {
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let mut b = [0u8; 20];
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for v in [0u64, 1, 9, 10, 42, 1024, u64::MAX] {
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assert_eq!(u64_str(&mut b, v), v.to_string());
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}
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let mut b = [0u8; 21];
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for v in [0i64, -1, 42, -1024, i64::MIN, i64::MAX] {
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assert_eq!(i64_str(&mut b, v), v.to_string());
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}
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}
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/// Exhaustive-ish sweep: every 6h13m across 60 years — catches any
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/// weekday / month-boundary drift against chrono.
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#[test]
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fn sweep_matches_chrono() {
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let mut secs: i64 = 0;
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while secs < 60 * 366 * 86_400 {
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let dt = Utc.timestamp_opt(secs, 0).unwrap();
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let mut b3 = [0u8; 25];
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let mut b2 = [0u8; 31];
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assert_eq!(rfc3339_utc(&mut b3, secs).unwrap(), dt.to_rfc3339());
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assert_eq!(rfc2822_utc(&mut b2, secs).unwrap(), dt.to_rfc2822());
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secs += 22_380; // 6h13m — walks through all times of day + weekdays
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}
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}
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}
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