feat(DPoP): check requests and 401 on failure

frontend/src/lib/api/endpoints/auth.ts

@@ -36,9 +36,25 @@ const JSON_HEADERS = { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' };
  * a 401 here just means "not logged in" and must not trigger the global
  * refresh-and-redirect (which would bounce the app in a refresh loop on the
  * unauthenticated initial load). Returns null when unauthenticated.
+ *
+ * Attaches a DPoP proof manually — under `OXICLOUD_DPOP_MODE=required` a
+ * BOUND session that presents no proof gets 401'd by the middleware
+ * (Gate 9), and this probe fires on every SPA bootstrap for authenticated
+ * users. Without the proof, the session load loop would always land in
+ * "not logged in" on fresh page loads even though cookies are still valid.
+ * Failure to build a proof (no keypair, missing WebCrypto) falls back to a
+ * headerless request — the server still accepts it for unbound sessions.
  */
 export async function fetchMe(): Promise<User | null> {
-	const res = await fetch('/api/auth/me', { credentials: 'same-origin' });
+	let dpop: string | null = null;
+	try {
+		const { buildDpopProof } = await import('$lib/auth/dpop-proof');
+		dpop = await buildDpopProof('GET', `${location.origin}/api/auth/me`);
+	} catch {
+		/* proof unavailable → send without header; unbound sessions still accept */
+	}
+	const headers: HeadersInit = dpop ? { DPoP: dpop } : {};
+	const res = await fetch('/api/auth/me', { credentials: 'same-origin', headers });
 	if (res.status === 401) return null;
 	if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`/api/auth/me failed: ${res.status}`);
 	return (await res.json()) as User;

src/application/dtos/user_dto.rs

@@ -456,6 +456,14 @@ pub struct CurrentUser {
     pub email: Arc<str>,
     #[schema(value_type = String)]
     pub role: SmolStr,
+    /// DPoP session-binding thumbprint threaded from the JWT's
+    /// RFC 9449 §5 `cnf.jkt` claim. `None` for unbound sessions
+    /// (app passwords, NC clients, pre-DPoP). The DPoP middleware
+    /// reads it to enforce "bound → proof required" from an
+    /// already-validated token — no session-row lookup on the
+    /// hot path (see `docs/plan/dpop.md` Gate 9).
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub dpop_jkt: Option<String>,
 }
 
 // ============================================================================

src/application/ports/auth_ports.rs

@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ pub struct TokenClaims {
     pub email: Arc<str>,
     /// User role
     pub role: String,
+    /// RFC 9449 §5 confirmation-key thumbprint — the JWK thumbprint
+    /// of the DPoP keypair this session was bound to at login. `None`
+    /// for unbound sessions (app passwords, NC clients, pre-DPoP).
+    /// The DPoP middleware reads it from the already-validated token
+    /// (no DB round trip) to enforce "bound session → proof required".
+    pub dpop_jkt: Option<String>,
 }
 
 /// Port for JWT token operations.
@@ -64,8 +70,19 @@ pub struct TokenClaims {
 /// This trait abstracts token generation and validation, allowing the domain
 /// layer to remain independent of specific JWT implementations.
 pub trait TokenServicePort: Send + Sync + 'static {
-    /// Generate an access token for a user
+    /// Generate an access token for a user.
-    fn generate_access_token(&self, user: &User) -> Result<String, DomainError>;
+    ///
+    /// `dpop_jkt` — if `Some`, the token carries an RFC 9449 §5
+    /// `cnf.jkt` claim binding it to the browser-held keypair whose
+    /// public JWK hashes to this thumbprint. Callers pass
+    /// `session.dpop_jkt()` from the Session being minted; unbound
+    /// sessions (app passwords, NC clients, pre-DPoP) pass `None`
+    /// and get a plain token the middleware exempts from DPoP.
+    fn generate_access_token(
+        &self,
+        user: &User,
+        dpop_jkt: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Result<String, DomainError>;
 
     /// Validate a token and extract its claims.
     ///

src/application/services/auth_application_service.rs

@@ -1051,8 +1051,37 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
         // (benches/ROUND12.md §2, 4.45x).
         user.register_login();
 
-        // Generate tokens using the injected token service
+        // Validate DPoP thumbprint FIRST — the same validated value
-        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user)?;
+        // has to flow into both the JWT `cnf.jkt` claim (RFC 9449 §5)
+        // and the session row's `dpop_jkt` column. Reject-before-mint
+        // avoids issuing a token whose confirmation-key would be
+        // rejected by the very next request's DPoP middleware.
+        let validated_jkt = match dpop_jkt.as_deref() {
+            Some(jkt) => Some(validate_dpop_jkt(jkt).map_err(|e| {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    target: "audit",
+                    event = "auth.dpop_bind_rejected",
+                    reason = "malformed_thumbprint",
+                    user_id = %user.id(),
+                    "🔐 DPoP bind rejected: {}", e,
+                );
+                DomainError::new(
+                    ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                    "Auth",
+                    "dpop_jkt must be a 43-character base64url SHA-256 thumbprint (RFC 7638)",
+                )
+            })?),
+            None => None,
+        };
+
+        // Generate tokens using the injected token service. The
+        // access token carries the `cnf.jkt` binding when present,
+        // so the DPoP middleware can enforce "bound → proof required"
+        // straight from the already-validated JWT — no session-row
+        // lookup on the hot path.
+        let access_token = self
+            .token_service
+            .generate_access_token(&user, validated_jkt.as_deref())?;
 
         let refresh_token = self.token_service.generate_refresh_token();
 
@@ -1068,22 +1097,8 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
             self.token_service.refresh_token_expiry_days(),
             Uuid::new_v4(),
         );
-        if let Some(jkt) = dpop_jkt {
+        if let Some(jkt) = validated_jkt {
-            let validated = validate_dpop_jkt(&jkt).map_err(|e| {
+            session = session.with_dpop_jkt(jkt);
-                tracing::info!(
-                    target: "audit",
-                    event = "auth.dpop_bind_rejected",
-                    reason = "malformed_thumbprint",
-                    user_id = %user.id(),
-                    "🔐 DPoP bind rejected: {}", e,
-                );
-                DomainError::new(
-                    ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
-                    "Auth",
-                    "dpop_jkt must be a 43-character base64url SHA-256 thumbprint (RFC 7638)",
-                )
-            })?;
-            session = session.with_dpop_jkt(validated);
         }
 
         self.session_storage.create_session(session).await?;
@@ -1330,7 +1345,12 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
         user.mark_email_verified();
         self.user_storage.mark_email_verified(user.id()).await?;
 
-        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user)?;
+        // Magic-link redemption is a GET redirect — no way to
+        // thread `dpop_jkt` into a GET body. Session is minted
+        // unbound; the SPA calls `POST /api/auth/dpop/bind`
+        // post-redirect to bind it (see Gate 3). Token accordingly
+        // ships without `cnf.jkt`.
+        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user, None)?;
         let refresh_token = self.token_service.generate_refresh_token();
         let session = Session::new(
             user.id(),
@@ -1416,6 +1436,11 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
             username: std::sync::Arc::from(user.username().unwrap_or("")),
             email: std::sync::Arc::from(user.email()),
             role: smol_str::SmolStr::new_static(user.role().as_str()),
+            // `verify_credentials` is only called from paths that
+            // don't need per-session DPoP context (admin/setup
+            // flows); the DPoP middleware never reads CurrentUser
+            // populated by this method. Leaving None is safe.
+            dpop_jkt: None,
         })
     }
 
@@ -1474,8 +1499,14 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
             ));
         }
 
-        // Generate new tokens
+        // Generate new tokens. Inherit the DPoP binding from the
-        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user)?;
+        // parent session so the refreshed access token carries the
+        // same `cnf.jkt` — otherwise every refresh would silently
+        // downgrade to unbound and the next request would 401 under
+        // Gate 9 enforcement (see Gate 7).
+        let access_token = self
+            .token_service
+            .generate_access_token(&user, session.dpop_jkt())?;
         let new_refresh_token = self.token_service.generate_refresh_token();
 
         // New session inherits the family_id so reuse of any ancestor triggers
@@ -4233,8 +4264,13 @@ impl AuthApplicationService {
             });
         }
 
-        // 6. Issue internal tokens (same as regular login)
+        // 6. Issue internal tokens (same as regular login). OIDC
-        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user)?;
+        // callback is a GET redirect — no way to thread `dpop_jkt`
+        // through the browser's redirect chain. Session is minted
+        // unbound; the SPA calls `POST /api/auth/dpop/bind` post-
+        // redirect to bind it (see Gate 3). Token accordingly ships
+        // without `cnf.jkt`.
+        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user, None)?;
         let refresh_token = self.token_service.generate_refresh_token();
 
         let mut session = Session::new(

src/application/services/device_auth_service.rs

@@ -175,8 +175,12 @@ impl DeviceAuthService {
         // Fetch user to generate tokens
         let user = self.user_storage.get_user_by_id(user_id).await?;
 
-        // Generate internal JWT access token + refresh token
+        // Generate internal JWT access token + refresh token. Device-
-        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user)?;
+        // authorization sessions (RFC 8628) are for CLI / TV / device
+        // clients that don't run WebCrypto — always unbound (`None`
+        // for the `dpop_jkt` param), which the DPoP middleware exempts
+        // from proof requirements. See `docs/plan/dpop.md` Gate 9.
+        let access_token = self.token_service.generate_access_token(&user, None)?;
         let refresh_token = self.token_service.generate_refresh_token();
 
         // Persist refresh token as a session

src/bin/dpop-hurl-helper.rs

@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ async fn opaque_login(
     base: &str,
     username: &str,
     password: &str,
+    dpop_jkt: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<(String, String), String> {
     // Fetch server params so client-side Argon2 matches. Per Phase B
     // the envelope's OWN KSF is authoritative for that user (via
@@ -295,10 +296,19 @@ async fn opaque_login(
     // URL_SAFE_NO_PAD on the wire — matches what the SPA sends and
     // what the server's handler prefers (accepts both, but this is
     // the canonical form).
-    let ke3_body = json!({
+    // Include `dpopJkt` when set so the server binds the session
+    // to the browser-held (well, test-held) keypair via Gate 3.
+    // Downstream scenarios can then exercise bound-session paths.
+    let mut ke3_body = json!({
         "exchangeId": ke1.exchange_id,
         "finishLoginRequest": B64_URL_NO_PAD.encode(login_finish.message.serialize()),
     });
+    if let Some(jkt) = dpop_jkt {
+        ke3_body
+            .as_object_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+            .insert("dpopJkt".to_string(), json!(jkt));
+    }
     let ke3_res = http
         .post(format!("{base}/api/auth/opaque/login/ke3"))
         .json(&ke3_body)
@@ -412,26 +422,19 @@ async fn main() -> ExitCode {
         Err(e) => return fail(format!("build reqwest client: {e}")),
     };
 
-    // ── 1. Log in via OPAQUE (session created unbound — Gate 3
+    // ── 1. Mint the persistent keypair FIRST, compute its JWK
-    //       requires the client to send `dpop_jkt` in the login
+    //       thumbprint, then log in via OPAQUE passing that
-    //       body; this helper doesn't, so we get the fail-open
+    //       thumbprint so the resulting session is bound (Gate 3).
-    //       unbound path). Bind support gets tested via
+    //       That way subsequent scenarios exercise the bound-path
-    //       `POST /api/auth/dpop/bind` in a later gate.
+    //       enforcement Gate 9 lit up: bound session + missing
+    //       proof → 401, wrong-jkt proof → 401 `jkt_mismatch`.
     //
     //       OPAQUE (not legacy) because `opaque-hurl-helper`
     //       migrates `admin` earlier in `run.sh`, after which
     //       legacy login 403s with Phase-4 refusal — and once
-    //       OPAQUE-only mode ships (`docs/plan/opaque-only.md`)
+    //       OPAQUE-only mode ships there IS no legacy path anyway.
-    //       there IS no legacy path anyway.
-    let (access, _refresh) = match opaque_login(&http, base, &username, &password).await {
-        Ok(t) => t,
-        Err(e) => return fail(e),
-    };
-
     let keys = KeyBundle::fresh();
     let jkt = {
-        // Compute expected thumbprint for logging — server ignores
-        // at this gate but future scenarios will compare.
         let canonical = format!(
             r#"{{"crv":"P-256","kty":"EC","x":"{}","y":"{}"}}"#,
             keys.jwk_x_b64, keys.jwk_y_b64
@@ -440,6 +443,12 @@ async fn main() -> ExitCode {
     };
     eprintln!("dpop-hurl-helper: keypair jkt={jkt}");
 
+    let (access, _refresh) = match opaque_login(&http, base, &username, &password, Some(&jkt)).await
+    {
+        Ok(t) => t,
+        Err(e) => return fail(e),
+    };
+
     let mut nonce: Option<String> = None;
 
     // ── Scenario 1: happy path — bootstrap (no nonce) → challenge
@@ -670,19 +679,70 @@ async fn main() -> ExitCode {
     }
     eprintln!("dpop-hurl-helper: scenario 8 (malformed) ✓");
 
-    // ── Scenario 9: no proof at all on a bound-if-required path.
+    // ── Scenario 9: bound session with NO proof — Gate 9
-    //    In opportunistic mode this passes through; in required
+    //    enforcement. Under `required` mode this must 401 with a
-    //    mode the session is unbound (`dpop_jkt IS NULL`) so it
+    //    `use_dpop_nonce` challenge (server treats missing proof
-    //    STILL passes through. Server-side gate 9 will flip this
+    //    on a bound session the same shape as a nonce-challenge
-    //    once session-context enforcement lands.
+    //    to nudge the client back onto the DPoP path). Under
+    //    `opportunistic` mode this would 200 with only a warning
+    //    audit line. Test env pins `required` (see
+    //    `tests/common/server.env`).
     let res_no_proof = match http.get(&url).bearer_auth(&access).send().await {
         Ok(r) => r,
         Err(e) => return fail(format!("no_proof send: {e}")),
     };
-    if let Err(e) = expect_status("no_proof_unbound_session", &res_no_proof, 200) {
+    if let Err(e) = expect_status("no_proof_bound_session_required", &res_no_proof, 401) {
         return fail(e);
     }
-    eprintln!("dpop-hurl-helper: scenario 9 (no proof, unbound session → pass) ✓");
+    eprintln!("dpop-hurl-helper: scenario 9 (no proof, bound session, required → 401) ✓");
+
+    // ── Scenario 10: bound session, valid proof shape but signed
+    //    by a DIFFERENT keypair than the session was bound to.
+    //    Verifier fires `jkt_mismatch` → 401. The classic attacker
+    //    scenario: cookie stolen, attacker mints their own DPoP
+    //    keypair, valid proof shape but wrong key.
+    let rogue_keys = KeyBundle {
+        signing_key: {
+            let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
+            for (i, b) in bytes.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                *b = ((i as u8).wrapping_mul(41)).wrapping_add(7);
+            }
+            SigningKey::from_bytes(&bytes.into()).expect("valid P-256 scalar")
+        },
+        jwk_x_b64: String::new(),
+        jwk_y_b64: String::new(),
+    };
+    // Rebuild x/y for the rogue key.
+    let rogue_enc = rogue_keys
+        .signing_key
+        .verifying_key()
+        .to_encoded_point(false);
+    let rogue_keys = KeyBundle {
+        signing_key: rogue_keys.signing_key,
+        jwk_x_b64: B64_URL_NO_PAD.encode(rogue_enc.x().unwrap()),
+        jwk_y_b64: B64_URL_NO_PAD.encode(rogue_enc.y().unwrap()),
+    };
+    let rogue_proof = build_proof(
+        &rogue_keys,
+        "GET",
+        &url,
+        nonce.as_deref(),
+        &ProofOverrides::default(),
+    );
+    let res_rogue = match http
+        .get(&url)
+        .bearer_auth(&access)
+        .header("DPoP", rogue_proof)
+        .send()
+        .await
+    {
+        Ok(r) => r,
+        Err(e) => return fail(format!("rogue-key send: {e}")),
+    };
+    if let Err(e) = expect_status("wrong_jkt_bound_session", &res_rogue, 401) {
+        return fail(e);
+    }
+    eprintln!("dpop-hurl-helper: scenario 10 (bound session + wrong-jkt proof → 401) ✓");
 
     eprintln!("dpop-hurl-helper: all scenarios passed");
     ExitCode::SUCCESS

src/infrastructure/services/jwt_service.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,23 @@ struct JwtClaims {
     pub email: Arc<str>,
     /// User role for authorization checks
     pub role: String,
+    /// RFC 9449 §5 confirmation-key claim: JWK thumbprint of the
+    /// browser-held DPoP keypair the session was bound to at login.
+    /// `None` for unbound sessions (app passwords, Nextcloud clients,
+    /// pre-DPoP sessions). Populated at token mint time from
+    /// `session.dpop_jkt`; the DPoP middleware reads it to enforce
+    /// "bound session → proof required" without a DB round trip.
+    ///
+    /// Serialised as `{"cnf": {"jkt": "..."}}` to match RFC 9449.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub cnf: Option<CnfClaim>,
+}
+
+/// RFC 9449 §5 confirmation-key wrapper. Only the `jkt` member is
+/// used today; future extensions (`x5t#S256`, etc.) would live here.
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct CnfClaim {
+    pub jkt: String,
 }
 
 impl From<JwtClaims> for TokenClaims {
@@ -64,6 +81,7 @@ impl From<JwtClaims> for TokenClaims {
             username: claims.username,
             email: claims.email,
             role: claims.role,
+            dpop_jkt: claims.cnf.map(|c| c.jkt),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -175,7 +193,11 @@ impl JwtTokenService {
 }
 
 impl TokenServicePort for JwtTokenService {
-    fn generate_access_token(&self, user: &User) -> Result<String, DomainError> {
+    fn generate_access_token(
+        &self,
+        user: &User,
+        dpop_jkt: Option<&str>,
+    ) -> Result<String, DomainError> {
         let now = Utc::now().timestamp();
 
         // Log information for debugging
@@ -194,6 +216,9 @@ impl TokenServicePort for JwtTokenService {
             username: Arc::from(user.username().unwrap_or("")),
             email: Arc::from(user.email()),
             role: user.role().as_str().to_string(),
+            cnf: dpop_jkt.map(|jkt| CnfClaim {
+                jkt: jkt.to_string(),
+            }),
         };
 
         // Log JWT claims for debugging
@@ -306,7 +331,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let user = create_test_user();
         let token = service
-            .generate_access_token(&user)
+            .generate_access_token(&user, None)
             .expect("Should generate token");
 
         let claims = service
@@ -345,7 +370,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let user = create_test_user();
         let token = service
-            .generate_access_token(&user)
+            .generate_access_token(&user, None)
             .expect("Should generate token");
 
         // First call: cache miss — performs full HMAC verification
@@ -372,7 +397,7 @@ mod tests {
             86400,
         );
         let token = service
-            .generate_access_token(&create_test_user())
+            .generate_access_token(&create_test_user(), None)
             .expect("Should generate token");
 
         // Miss populates the cache; hit must hand back the very same

src/interfaces/middleware/auth.rs

@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ pub async fn auth_middleware(
                                 username: Arc::clone(&claims.username),
                                 email: Arc::clone(&claims.email),
                                 role,
+                                dpop_jkt: claims.dpop_jkt.clone(),
                             });
                             request.extensions_mut().insert(current_user);
                             tracing::Span::current()
@@ -267,11 +268,16 @@ pub async fn auth_middleware(
                                 "App password authentication successful for user: {}",
                                 uname
                             );
+                            // App-password sessions are always unbound —
+                            // they belong to NC clients / CLI / mobile
+                            // tools without WebCrypto. DPoP middleware
+                            // exempts them.
                             let current_user = Arc::new(CurrentUser {
                                 id: user_id,
                                 username: uname,
                                 email,
                                 role,
+                                dpop_jkt: None,
                             });
                             request.extensions_mut().insert(current_user);
                             tracing::Span::current()
@@ -341,6 +347,7 @@ pub async fn auth_middleware(
                                     username: Arc::clone(&claims.username),
                                     email: Arc::clone(&claims.email),
                                     role,
+                                    dpop_jkt: claims.dpop_jkt.clone(),
                                 });
                                 request.extensions_mut().insert(current_user);
                                 request.extensions_mut().insert(CookieAuthenticated);

src/interfaces/middleware/dpop.rs

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub async fn require_dpop_layer(
     // No authenticated user → pass through (upstream auth layer
     // already handled or will handle the 401). We only concern
     // ourselves with proof-carrying requests on authenticated paths.
-    let Some(_current_user) = request.extensions().get::<Arc<CurrentUser>>() else {
+    let Some(current_user) = request.extensions().get::<Arc<CurrentUser>>().cloned() else {
         return next.run(request).await;
     };
 
@@ -106,14 +106,44 @@ pub async fn require_dpop_layer(
         .and_then(|v| v.to_str().ok())
         .map(str::to_owned);
 
-    // GATE 5 SCOPE: session-level `dpop_jkt` lookup is deferred (see
+    // Gate 9 enforcement — the session's binding (from the JWT's
-    // module docstring). For opportunistic mode:
+    // `cnf.jkt` claim, populated at token mint time from
-    //   - proof present → verify with expected_jkt=None (accept any
+    // `session.dpop_jkt`) tells us whether a proof is REQUIRED:
-    //     jkt shape; still catches malformed/bad-sig/wrong-htu bugs)
+    //
-    //   - proof absent → pass through, no warning yet
+    //   * unbound session (`dpop_jkt IS NONE`) — proof optional.
-    // For required mode: same for now — Gate 9 flips to real
+    //     Covers app passwords, NC clients, pre-DPoP sessions.
-    // per-session enforcement once session context is wired.
+    //   * bound session — proof MANDATORY in required mode; a
+    //     warning-only signal in opportunistic mode so operators
+    //     can spot stale SPA versions before flipping enforcement.
+    let expected_jkt = current_user.dpop_jkt.as_deref();
     let Some(proof) = dpop_header else {
+        match (mode, expected_jkt) {
+            (DpopMode::Required, Some(_)) => {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    target: "audit",
+                    event = "dpop.verify_failed",
+                    reason = "proof_missing_on_bound_session",
+                    caller_id = %current_user.id,
+                    path = %request.uri().path(),
+                    "👮🏻‍♂️ DPoP required: bound session request has no proof",
+                );
+                return nonce_challenge_response(&nonce_service);
+            }
+            (DpopMode::Opportunistic, Some(_)) => {
+                // Warning-only — telemetry for the rollout window.
+                // Emit the signal so operators can decide when to
+                // flip default to `required`; the request still
+                // completes so old clients don't break.
+                tracing::info!(
+                    target: "audit",
+                    event = "dpop.header_missing_but_session_bound",
+                    caller_id = %current_user.id,
+                    path = %request.uri().path(),
+                    "⚠️  DPoP: bound session sent request without a proof",
+                );
+            }
+            _ => { /* unbound session or off mode — nothing to do */ }
+        }
         let response = next.run(request).await;
         return stamp_current_nonce(response, &nonce_service);
     };
@@ -136,7 +166,14 @@ pub async fn require_dpop_layer(
         htm: &method,
         htu: &htu,
         now_secs,
-        expected_jkt: None, // Session-level pin comes in a later gate
+        // Gate 9: pin to the session's binding when present. The
+        // verifier returns `JktMismatch` if the proof's public
+        // key thumbprint doesn't match — an attacker who stole a
+        // bound cookie AND generated their own DPoP keypair fails
+        // here. `None` means the session was minted unbound so
+        // any well-formed proof passes the jkt check (still gets
+        // htm/htu/nonce/replay verification).
+        expected_jkt,
     };
     match verify_proof(&proof, &ctx) {
         Ok(verified) => {

src/interfaces/nextcloud/basic_auth_middleware.rs

@@ -203,11 +203,15 @@ pub async fn basic_auth_middleware(
             // `Arc<CurrentUser>` extension AND `NcSession.user` (the old
             // code built the struct, cloned it for the extension, then
             // moved the original — 2-3 String allocs per request).
+            // Nextcloud clients are always unbound — they authenticate
+            // with app passwords via Basic Auth, no WebCrypto, no DPoP.
+            // Middleware exempts unbound sessions per Gate 9 design.
             let current_user = Arc::new(CurrentUser {
                 id: user_id,
                 username: uname,
                 email,
                 role,
+                dpop_jkt: None,
             });
 
             // ── Resolve chroot from the Basic Auth drive marker ─────

src/interfaces/nextcloud/login_v2_handler.rs

@@ -342,6 +342,9 @@ pub async fn handle_oidc_login_completion(
         username: std::sync::Arc::from(username),
         email: std::sync::Arc::from(user_dto.email.as_str()),
         role: smol_str::SmolStr::new(&user_dto.role),
+        // NC login-flow-v2 mints an app password — no browser, no
+        // WebCrypto, always unbound. DPoP middleware exempts.
+        dpop_jkt: None,
     };
 
     let drives = match state
@@ -553,6 +556,9 @@ pub async fn handle_drive_pick(
         username: std::sync::Arc::from(username.as_str()),
         email: std::sync::Arc::from(user_dto.email.as_str()),
         role: smol_str::SmolStr::new(&user_dto.role),
+        // NC login-flow-v2 mints an app password — no browser, no
+        // WebCrypto, always unbound. DPoP middleware exempts.
+        dpop_jkt: None,
     };
 
     let _folder = match state